![]() As a result the concept has been used inconsistently although research on it has increased dramatically. Of these conditions, the definition of Asperger’s proved most problematic (the text was radically changes at the time DSM-IV-TR appeared but the criteria could not be changed at that point). DSM-IV also recognized three disorders new to DSM: childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger’s disorder, and Rett’s disorder along with the usual subthreshold PDD-NOS category. The final definition for autism was polythetic, had a good balance of sensitivity and specificity, and improved reliability in less experienced evaluators. Since the alignment of diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV and ICD-10, there has been an explosion of research – with well over 2,000 peer-reviewed scientific papers published last year, an increase from fewer than 2,000 peer-reviewed papers published in the decade before DSM-IV/ICD-10, highlighting the utility of such an alignment. ![]() Before autism was first recognized officially by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, third edition (DSM-III) in 1980, it was very difficult to be sure of the comparability of samples this hindered the ability to synthesize findings across studies and hampered research. Official diagnostic systems, such as the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition (DSM-IV), have usually been oriented around specific categories but have increasingly also included dimensional approaches to provide better characterization. As Rutter and Schopler noted, there is not a single, simple, right way to approach this task and, for psychiatric and developmental disorders, a range of approaches have been developed. Commonality in approaches to classification help us communicate more effectively about clinical problems (rapidly conveying a general sense of the kinds of difficulties exhibited) and conduct better research by insuring comparability of samples across sites and countries. ![]()
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